控制循环模型下被动句的论元实现研究

On Argument Realization of Passive Construction:A Control Cycle Perspective

汉语被动句的主要句法特点是论元实现的多样性,如何对这一现象做出统一的机制解释一直存在争议。在认知语法的视角下,本文从控制循环模型出发考察其认知机制并探讨被动语态的本质。研究发现:被动句的认知基础可概括为目标射体被执行者控制的状态即控制构型;由动词等成分编码的情景事件会以不同方式和这一构型进行协调,从而构造出不同被动格式的论元实现;被动语态实质是施事的去焦点化即不再聚焦为射体,汉英被动句属于不同的语法构式均以实现这一概念功能为目的。以上分析既给出了汉语被动句的认知机制阐释,也厘清了被动语态及其与汉英被动句的关系。

The passive construction in Chinese involves diverse argument realizations, which has aroused much debate on its unified treatment. From the perspective of cognitive grammar, this paper analyzes the cognitive mechanism for this syntactic phenomenon as well as the nature of the passive voice on the basis of the control cycle model. It is found that the cognitive structure underlying the passive construction is the control pattern, i.e., the result phase where the target as the trajector is controlled by the actor. This pattern aligns with the events encoded by verb phrases in diverse ways, thus resulting in different argument realizations. Although the passive construction in Chinese and the one in English are distinct grammatical constructions, both of them fulfill the same conceptual function, i. e., defocusing the agent or deselecting it as the trajector, which actually constitutes the passive voice. In brief, these findings not only provide systematic cognitive explanation for the passive construction in Chinese, but also clarify what the passive voice is and how it relates to passive constructions in Chinese and English.