我国职业教育和培训体系建设现状及改革策略——基于对浙江和山东的调查

Construction Situation and Reform Strategies of Vocational Education and Training System in China——Based on Investigation in Zhejiang and Shandong Province

完善职业教育和培训体系,是我国加快发展现代职业教育的关键突破点。以浙江和山东为个案开展调研,从政策规划、资源配置、人才培训、品牌建设、培训结构、质量保障等六个方面,构建出立体化、过程性和全方位的职业教育和培训体系建设现状。研究发现,我国目前的职业教育和培训体系建设存在着培训决策缺乏专业化、培训内容缺乏针对性、培训资源缺乏统筹、培训师资不足、激励机制不健全以及缺乏培训规范和评价等问题。针对这些困境,提出了完善法规和经费投入,加强地方统筹和资源整合,加强职教师资队伍建设,完善激励机制,建设学分银行,加强标准建设、培训基地建设和公共服务平台建设等改革策略。

Optimizing vocational education and trainingsystem is the key breakthrough point for thedevelopment of modern vocational education. Thisresearch conducted surveys in Zhejiang and Shandongprovince, and a large amount of data was collected fromsix aspects of policy planning, resource allocation,talent training, brand building, system constructionand quality assurance, and constructed athreedimensional, procedural and comprehensiveframework for vocational education and training. Andthen, from the perspective of internal reform andexternal policies of vocational education, the currentdifficulties in the aspects of system, decision,content, resources, teachers, mechanisms and norms areanalyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures areproposed including optimize legal and financial input;strengthen overall planning and integration ofresources of local government;strengthen constructionof vocational teaching staff;optimize inspiringincentives;build credit bank;strengthen constructionof standardization, training base and public serviceplatform.