论假传的文人旨趣及其“以文为戏”的理论反思

The Literati Purport of Jiazhuan and Theoretical Reflection on Its Ideas of“Using Literature as Play”

假传滥觞于韩愈的《毛颖传》,由宋明发展到高峰,是文人以拟人笔法寄寓情感的一种重要文体之一,反映了文人以文章自娱的精神。古代文人在"文以载道"的同时也不乏自娱的精神,而文人的自娱与普通人的娱乐方式不同,往往体现了文人的高雅旨趣。本文以假传为研究对象,探讨假传作者的炫才之笔和游戏之笔所体现的文人审美情趣,并且分析古代文人对假传作品"以文为戏"的理论批评,探究传统儒家文学思想关照下的"以文为戏"是古代文人在息焉游焉之时排兴遣闷的重要手段,科学地认识假传文学的学术价值。

A relatively independent type of ancient Chinese prose,jiazhuan was biographies written anthropomorphically for objects. Han Yu’s Biography of Mao Ying written in the Tang dynasty marked the beginning of jiazhuan,followed by numerous parodies in the Song and Ming dynasties. Such prose,written by the literati at leisure for entertainment,embodied their refined aesthetic taste. This article argues that jiazhuan was an expression in the form of games,which displayed writers’ talent. Thus perceived,just like"writing is for conveying truth","using literature as play"became an important and necessary literary stance for the literati to divert themselves from loneliness or boredom at their leisure time.