典型喀斯特峡谷石漠化地区农户生计资本和策略响应

Response to Livelihood Capital and Strategies of Rural Households in Typical Karst Gorge Area with Rocky Desertification Issues

文章利用可持续生计分析框架开展喀斯特高原峡谷区农户生计资本和生计策略现状调查,建立多项Logistic回归模型,探讨农户生计策略由纯农型向兼农型和农兼型转化的关键因素。研究表明:(1)研究区农户生计资本整体上比较稀缺,各类生计资本差异明显,农户的自然资本最为匮乏,生计恢复力较弱。(2)研究区农户主要采用四种生计策略,以非农型为主的生计策略农户的资本指数最高,生计策略也相对最优;兼农型资本指数其次,但风险相对较高;农兼型资本指数低于前二者,脆弱性相对较低;纯农型资本指数最低,生计策略单一,风险最高。(3)人力资本始终是影响研究区农户生计策略转化的关键因素,如家庭整体劳动力、耕地面积、家庭现金收入、农作物产值、家庭畜禽数量对农户由纯农型向兼农型和农兼型的生计策略转化具有促进作用。最后,论文提出了应对喀斯特高原峡谷地区农户生计风险、基于生计策略优化的生态环境修复的政策建议。

In this paper, an analysis framework of sustainable livelihood was used to investigate the status of livelihood capitals and strategies of rural households in karst plateau-gorge area, and multinomial logistic regression models were built up to explore the key factors that affect farmers’ strategies conversion from pure agriculture to agriculture-dominant and nonagriculture-dominant in our study area. The research indicated that:(1) In general, farmers’ livelihood capitals are relatively low and obvious variations are observed among them, and the natural capital of farmers is the lowest, showing a weak recovery ability of livelihood.(2) Four main kinds of livelihood strategies are adopted in the area. The capital index of non-agriculture livelihood strategy is the highest and is relatively optimal;the non-agriculture-dominant strategy ranks second, but with a relatively high risk;the agriculture-dominant strategy follows it, whose livelihood vulnerability is relatively low;the pure agriculture is the lowest, with a single livelihood strategy structure and the highest risk.(3) Human capital has always been a key factor that affects the transformation of farmers’ livelihood strategies in the study area. The area of cultivated lands, cash income per family, production of crops, numbers of livestock and poultry per family, and the possibility to gain help. The above factors could promote the conversion of farmer households from taking the strategy of pure agriculture to non-agriculturedominant and agriculture-dominant. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on dealing with the risk of farmers’ livelihood and ecological environment restoration based on the optimal livehood strategies in karst plateau-gorge area.