高职学生顶岗实习活动中的问题、风险及对策研究

Research on Problems, Risks and Countermeasures in the Internship of Higher Vocational CollegesStudents

顶岗实习是实现职业教育培养目标的重要手段,是高职教育教学活动的重要环节。目前顶岗实习多为就业型、分散型、计划内顶岗实习,学校对顶岗实习活动的管理并不理想。在实习活动中,存在教育缺位、学生权益受侵犯、实习管理不到位及学生心理困惑等多方面问题与风险。其原因可以归结为学校和企业对顶岗实习的认识不足,沟通不足,信息不对称,资源不足,学生校企过渡缺失以及法律规定冲突等因素。因此,需要加强顶岗实习重要性认识,更加重视实习前的教育和动员以及实习的过程性管理与教育,课程化设计顶岗实习环节,并加强与政府部门沟通协作,营造良好的学生实习环境。

Substitution internship is an important means to achieve the training objectives and an important link in teaching activities of higher vocational education. At present, substitution internship is mostly employment-oriented, decentralized and planned, while the management of college is not ideal. In practice activities, there are many problems and risks, such as the lack of education, the infringement of students' rights and interests, the lack of internship management and the psychological confusion of students. The specific reasons can be attributed to insufficient understanding of internship both in schools and enterprises, insufficient communication, asymmetric information, insufficient resources, lack of transition of students from school to enterprise, and conflict of legal regulations. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of the importance of substitution internship, pay more attention to pre-practice education and mobilization, attach more importance to the process management and education of internship, and strengthen communication and cooperation with government departments to create a good environment for substitution internship of students.