熟人社会、科层制与大学治理

Acquaintance Society, Bureaucracy and University Governance in China

相较于北美研究型大学,我国的研究型大学既具有强熟人社会的特征,又在治理结构上呈现很强的科层制形态。熟人社会和科层制对大学治理既有积极作用,也有消极作用。运行有效的熟人社会/科层制可称为正态熟人社会/科层制,反之则为变态熟人社会/科层制,在此基础上熟人社会与科层制有四种组合形态,最差形态为权力科层制与利益熟人社会组合,最优形态为理性科层制与道德熟人社会组合。我国大学依托的外部法律架构和治理环境与北美大学不同,目前并不为共同治理提供制度支持。我国大学现阶段应寻求道德熟人社会与理性科层制结合的理想形态。

China's research universities manifest the characteristics of a strong acquaintance society and a typical bureaucracy in the governance structure when compared with North American research universities. How to explore Chinese way of university governance under such circumstances? Acquaintance society and bureaucracy are neutral concept here, play some positive roles and some negative roles in the governance of Chinese universities. An effective acquaintance society/bureaucracy system can be called a normal acquaintance society/ bureaucracy system, whereas a perverted acquaintance society/bureaucracy system can be called an abnormal acquaintance society/bureaucracy system. On the basis of this classification ,four combinations of acquaintance society and bureaucracy are discussed, and an ideal combined form is put forward. The external legal framework and governance environment of Chinese universities are different from those of North American universities, they do not provide institutional support for shared governance. At present stage, an ideal type of moral acquaintance society and rational bureaucracy might be sought in university governance in China.