论虚假仲裁的规制——兼评案外人申请不予执行仲裁裁决

A Study of the Regulation False Arbitration:with A Discussion on the System of Outsiders’ Applications for the Non-enforcement of Arbitral Award

为了规制虚假仲裁,《最高人民法院关于人民法院办理仲裁裁决执行案件若干问题的规定》创设了案外人申请不予执行仲裁裁决制度。在这里,规制虚假仲裁的前提,是由此作出的仲裁裁决能够直接损害案外人的权利,即实体权利、程序权利和另诉权利。但在承认既判力的前提下,上述权利并不能被损害。重新思考这一问题,可以发现,规制虚假仲裁在"疏"不在"堵"。应承认生效仲裁裁决的既判力,保证案外人可以正常提起另诉,不受原仲裁裁决的约束,也不受其执行力和证据推定效果的影响。与之相比,设置案外人申请不予执行仲裁裁决制度不仅没有必要,还会产生一系列的副作用,故应将其废除。

In order to regulate false arbitration,the "Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues in the People’s Courts Handling Cases of Enforcement of Arbitral Awards" created the system of outsiders’ applications for the non-enforcement of arbitral award. Here,the premise of regulating false arbitration is that the arbitral award thus made can directly damage the rights of the outsider,namely,the substantive rights,procedural rights and the rights to file a lawsuit for tort liability or other legal responsibility. However,there is no direct causal relationship between the effective arbitral awards and the outsiders’ right damage. Rethinking this issue,we can find another way to regulate the false arbitration. On the one hand,from the perspective of the arbitration agreement,it is clear that the subjective scope of the arbitral award is limited to the parties in principle,so that it cannot restrain the outsiders. On the other hand,in terms of legislation,the regulation of emancipating the decided facts from proving should be repealed,and the evaluation of the finding facts be made by the judge. Therefore,it is unnecessary to set up the system of outsiders’ applications for the non-enforcement of arbitral award. Instead,it will create a series of problems,so it should be abolished.