清华简《说命(上)》“向”字解

Interpreting Xiang in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Yue Ming(A)

清华简《说命(上)》"王命氒(厥)百攻(工)向,以货旬(徇)求敚(悦)于邑人"句中"向"字的训释,诸家存在争议,其一释为"像",其二释为"竞",其三释为"卿"。其中,第一和第二种解释都存在问题,第三种解释正确,可以从语音、书证、语法方面证之。语音上",向"字为晓母阳部",卿"字为溪母阳部,两字可相通假。书证上,传世文献可证"向"与"鄉""、向"与"嚮"通用,而"嚮""、饗"和"卿"又为一字分化;另又有出土文献郭店简、清华简与上博简的异文对读为补证。语法上",向"释为"卿"",王命氒(厥)百攻(工)向"的语法结构则为"主语+命/令+宾语",无不妥当之处,语义上也更容易理解。

There is a dispute over the king orders hundreds of officials to look for Yue in the whole country with money and property in the literature Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Yue Ming(A). In the sentence, how to interpret the word xiang is particularly crucial. It not only concerns the meaning of the sentence, but also how it is read out.There are three main points: the first is xiang,the second is jing and the third is qing. We hold the third view and demonstrate from the aspects of phonetics, meanings, grammars and so on. This paper tries to interpret the word xiang.