生猪优势产区规模养殖环境全要素生产率研究

The total factor productivity of China's scale hog production in dominant producing areas under the environmental constrains

生态文明建设体制框架下,考虑环境因素影响的生猪规模养殖绿色可持续发展就显得尤为重要。本文基于我国生猪养殖优势区的统计数据,构建包含非期望产出的固定窗式参考集FWML指数,对生猪规模养殖环境全要素生产率进行分析,探讨其增长源头。结果表明:不考虑环境因素情况下,生猪规模养殖全要素生产率会被高估,使用FWML指数分析法所得结果更近似于其真实值;考虑环境因素的生猪规模养殖全要素生产率仍处于增长阶段,但小、中、大三种规模的增速不同,中规模养殖环境全要素生产率最高,各规模主产区域间增速差异较大,技术进步是拉动其增长的主要因素;技术效率对生猪规模养殖环境全要素生产率的增长贡献不高,表现在生猪规模养殖技术使用的有效性、普及性和资源有效利用率低等问题上,大幅提高总体技术效率,是未来提升规模养殖环境全要素生产率的方向。因此,应结合各地区实际情况因地制宜发展生猪适度规模养殖;提升技术效率以推动生猪规模养殖绿色可持续发展。

Under the framework of ecological civilization construction, it is particularly important to consider the environmental factors for the green and sustainable development of scale hog production. Based on the statistical data of dominant hog producing areas in China, this paper constructed the Fixed-Window-Malmquist-Luenberger(FWML) index, including undesired output, to analyze the impacts of environmental factors on the total factor productivity of scale hog production and the growth of total factor productivity. Results show that without considering the environmental factors, the total factor productivity of scale hog production would be overestimated. The results obtained by using FWML index analysis method were more close to the true value. Results also indicate that the total factor productivity of China’s scale hog production was still in the growth stage considering the environmental factors.However, the growth rates of the three scales are different: the medium-scale production has the highest total factor productivity and the gaps among the dominant producing areas of different scales are large. The technical progress is the main factor driving the growth. At the same time, the contribution of technical efficiency to the environmental total factor productivity of the scale hog production is limited, which is reflected in the ineffectiveness of the use of scale hog production technology, the popularity, and the low effective utilization of resources. In summary, to improve the technical efficiency to promote the green sustainable development of scale hog production, this paper suggests that improving the overall technical efficiency is the future direction to enhance the environmental total factor productivity and it is necessary to develop appropriate scale hog production according to the local conditions of each region.