长江中下游鱼类重金属污染及健康风险评价

Study on heavy metals pollution and health risk assessmentamong different species of fish over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

为研究长江鱼类重金属污染状况,对长江七种主要经济鱼(鲢鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、铜鱼、鲶鱼、黄颡鱼)背部肌肉组织中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg的含量进行了测定。运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和目标危害系数法对鱼肌肉组织中重金属污染程度及食用安全性进行评价。结果表明,长江鱼类Cu、Zn、 Pb、Cd、Hg和Cr的含量分别为0.361～18.76、0.793～50.8、0.009～3.8、0.003～0.97、0.001～0.054和0.121～0.805 mg·kg^(-1)。Pb和Cd为长江鱼体重金属污染的主要元素。鲫鱼受到重金属综合污染最大,草鱼最小。对于大多数重金属元素来说,肉食性鱼肌肉中富集的含量大于植食性鱼和杂食性鱼。与国内外河流鱼体内重金属含量相比,长江鱼类处于中等水平。鱼类的单一和复合重金属健康风险指数均表明长江鱼类食用安全性较好,不会对消费者健康产生潜在危害。

In order to evaluate the heavy mentals pollution of fish in the Yangtze River, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb,Zn and Hg in the muscle tissue of seven fish species(silver carp, grass carp, crucian carp, carp, catfish and yellow-head catfish)are tested. The single factor pollution index,comprehensive pollution index and target hazard quotient methods are applied to evaluate the pollution level and food safety of fish. The result shows that the contents of Cu,Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr are in the range of 0.361~18.76 mg·kg^-1、0.793~50.8 mg·kg^-1、0.009~3.8 mg·kg^-1、0.003~0.97 mg·kg^-1、0.001~0.054 mg·kg^-1 and 0.121~0.805 mg·kg^-1,respectively. Pb and Cd are the major elements of heavy metal pollution in Yangtze River fishes.Crucian carp muscle tissues are polluted by heavy metals in the highest level and grass carp is the smallest.Enrichment of most heavy metals in carnivorous fish is higher than those in omnivorous anderbivorouss species. Compared with the contents of heavy metals in domestic and foreign river fishes, the Yangtze River fishes are at a moderate level.Single factor and composite health risk indices all indicats that fishes of Yangtze River are safe for eating and there’s no obvious risk to the health of consumers.