典型作物对水土流失影响的小区试验研究

Runoff plot observation study on the influences of typical crops on water and soil erosion

为了探寻农作物对于坡耕地水土流失量的影响及相关关系,指导农业生产实践和水土流失防治,利用安徽省岳西县2013年至2017年自然条件下径流小区原位观测数据,进行茶树、桑树、玉米三种典型作物及裸露地对比的水土流失影响与分析研究。结果表明:该地区水土流失原因主要由降雨径流侵蚀造成,其降雨主要集中在6、7、8三个月份;降雨集中期多年平均情况下,茶树、桑树、玉米和裸露地的坡面径流系数分别为0.057、0.039、0.080和0.082,单位面积土壤侵蚀量分别为38.8 g/m^2、15.3 g/m^2、858 g/m^2和93.4 g/m^2;与裸露地对比,茶树、桑树地的水土流失量均减小,玉米地的径流量轻微减小但是土壤侵蚀量显著增大。坡耕地土壤扰动对水土流失影响很大,考虑优化种植结构、合理耕作措施等方式对其固水保土。

In order to explore the effects of crops on water and soil erosion in sloping farmland and their correlation so as to guide agricultural production practice and prevent water and soil erosion, we use in-situ observation data of runoff plots under natural conditions in Yuexi County, Anhui Province, from 2013 to 2017, compare and analyze the effects of three typical crop(tea, mulberry, corn) with bare for ground water and soil erosion. The results show that(1) water erosion and soil erosion in this area are mainly caused by rainfall-runoff erosion, and its rainfall is mainly concentrated in June, July and August;(2) based on the five-year average data, the slope runoff coefficient of tea, mulberry, corn and bare land are 0.057, 0.039, 0.080 and 0.082, and the soil erosion per unit area are 38.8 g/m^2, 15.3 g/m^2, 858 g/m^2 and 93.4 g/m^2 respectively;(3) compared with bare ground, the soil erosions of tea and mulberry are both reduced. Runoff in the corn field is slightly reduced, but its soil erosion is significantly increased. Soil disturbance of sloping farmland has a great influence on soil erosion, and it is recommended to optimize the planting structure and take appropriate measures to reduce soil erosion.