某医院血源性职业暴露的监测分析

Monitoring of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff

目的探讨医务人员发生血源性职业暴露的危险因素,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法对2014-2016年某医院发生血源性职业暴露人员的调查资料进行统计分析。结果三年共发生血源性职业暴露97例,不同年份间发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.550,P>0.05),2014年和2016年不同性别、不同岗位和不同工龄之间发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2015年不同工龄之间发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.161,P<0.05)。暴露时操作以注射和采血最多(25.77%),暴露部位以手为主(83.51%),暴露源病种以乙型肝炎(41.79%)最多。72.16%的暴露者能够进行规范化的局部处理,至随访结束无感染发生。结论加强医务人员,尤其是低工龄护士的职业防护培训,增强个人防护意识,是减少血源性职业暴露的关键。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of blood-borne occupational exposure among medical staff, and provide evidence for formulating preventive measures. Methods The monitoring data of medical staff who occurred blood-borne occupational exposure in 2014-2016 were analyzed. Results There were a total of 97 cases of blood-borne occupational exposure, and there was no statistically significant difference between different years(χ2^=0.550, P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of different sexes, occupations and working ages in 2014 and 2016(P< 0.05), and there was a statistical difference in the incidence of different working ages in 2015(χ^2=11.161, P< 0.05). Injection and blood were the predominant links prone to exposure(25.77 %), and the exposed part was mainly hand(83.51 %). The top exposure source was hepatitis B, account for 41.79 %. 72.16 % of the blood-borne occupational exposure could be correctly handled, and the follow up found no case with infections. Conclusions It is crucial for health care workers to reduce blood-borne occupational exposure through strengthening the training of occupational safety and improving vocational safety awareness.