认知增强的风险及其治理

On the Risk and Governance of Cognitive Enhancement

认知增强在帮助人类获得更强认知能力、实现更强认知效果的同时,也触发了对人自身的安全、公平与自由、情绪情感与人格"同一性"、"天赋属性"的消解、潜能降低与进化单一等诸多风险。创新主体的"责任意识"不强,个体在选择使用认知增强时对有效性与合理性的审慎程度不够,社会舆论引导的不够合理,技术监管体系的欠完善,是认知增强风险的主要成因。对于认知增强采取"无限制发展"与"完全禁止发展"的态度都是不现实的。针对其风险,应从认知增强的创新主体、使用主体、技术的社会环境、技术监督监管等方面积极寻求治理之策。

Cognitive enhancement,while helping human to acquire stronger cognitive ability and achieve stronger cognitive effects,it also triggers many risks such as human security,fairness and freedom,affective experience and identity of personality,the elimination of"natural attributes",potential reduction and mono-evolution. The " responsibility consciousness" of the innovator is not strong,the individual is not cautious enough about the effectiveness and rationality when choosing to use cognitive enhancement,the public opinion guidance is not reasonable enough,and the technology supervision system is not perfect,all of them are main causes of risk in cognitive enhancement. The attitudes of"unlimited development"and"completely banned development"for cognitive enhancement are both unrealistic. In view of its risks,we should actively seek management strategies from the innovator,the user,social environment of technology,and the supervision of technology of cognitive enhancement.