基于灰色系统的行业特色高校科技分类评价探索

Scientific and technological classification evaluation of university characteristics based on grey system

目前,我国高校在科技评价中,普遍存在"注重数量、看轻质量"的问题,对科研成果、科技人员的不恰当的量化评价,并与利益挂钩,导致科研成果与社会的实际发展需求无法紧密的联系起来。尤其对于行业特色高校,行业背景浓厚,对科技成果的应用性要求较高,所以对于成果实际应用的考察应该成为行业特色高校科技评价指标中的关键部分。针对上述问题,本文对具有行业特色的高校科技分类评价开展了探索与研究。首先分析了当前科技评价的现状,探讨了当前行业特色高校科技评价的不足之处;然后基于科技评价的现状,本文提出了科技评价的三大基本原则:坚持分类评价、建立高效评价机制和建立特色评价体系。最后引入了灰色理论,研究了行业特色高校的科技评价模型,并且针对行业特色高校的特点,重点确定了分类评价指标,提出了关于行业应用、学术成绩和行业指导这3个方面共19项分类评价指标,同时提出借鉴英美等国家比较成熟的科技评价体系来完善我国行业特色高校分类评价的观点。

At present,in the evaluation of science and technology in China’s colleges and universities,there are widespread problems of"focusing on quantity and despising quality". The inappropriate quantitative evaluation of scientific research achievements and scientific and technological personnel which are linked with interests leads to the fact that scientific research achievements cannot be closely linked with the actual development needs of society. Especially for the universities with industry characteristics,the industry background is strong,and the application requirements for scientific and technological achievements are highly demanded. Therefore,the investigation of the practical application of scientific and technological achievements should be a key part of the evaluation indexes for the universities with industry characteristics.In view of the above problems,this paper studies the classified evaluation of universities science and technology with industry characteristics.Firstly,this paper analyzes the current situation of scientific and technological evaluation,and discusses the defects of scientific and technological evaluation methods in colleges and universities with industry characteristics. There are many phenomena that people pay attention to good reputation rather than actual content,quantity rather than quality. The criteria for acceptance and evaluation of scientific and technological projects mainly depend on whether their results can be published in authoritative journals,but such criteria cannot truly and effectively reflect the real level of scientific research projects. The evaluation of scientific researchers mainly depends on the number of published papers and applied patents,and whether they have hosted or participated in major research topics,but they do not attach enough importance to the actual value of the results,especially some of the results cannot be applied to practice at all. This emphasis makes the current scientific research achievements of colleges and universities seriously out of line with the actual needs of social development.Then,based on the present situation of science and technology evaluation,this paper puts forward three basic principles of science and technology evaluation,including insisting on classification evaluation,establishing efficient evaluation mechanism and establishing characteristic evaluation system. To persist in hierarchical classification and evaluation,it is necessary to establish classification and evaluation index system and evaluation procedure norms according to the characteristics of different disciplines such as natural sciences. The enterprise main body and market orientation should be taken as the primary objectives in the evaluation of development of applied technology and achievement transformation,mainly aiming at user evaluation,third-party evaluation and market performance evaluation. At the same time,we need to actively introduce international evaluation methods to further improve the openness and accuracy of scientific and technological evaluation. To establish an efficient evaluation mechanism,we should pay more attention to the innovation and effectiveness of scientific and technological achievements,guide the benign competition among scientific researchers,and gradually simplify the evaluation steps and improve the evaluation efficiency. To establish a characteristic evaluation institutions and systems of scientific and technological achievements,we need to put forward targeted evaluation indicators for its disciplines and specialties according to the characteristics of the industry,and should not neglect the quality requirements. Then we can establish a characteristic science and technology evaluation system which is conducive to innovation and development. At the same time,we should improve the relevant system and create a good research environment for outstanding talents.Finally,the grey theory is introduced to study the scientific and technological evaluation model of universities with industry characteristics. According to the characteristics of these universities,the classification evaluation indexes are selected,and 19 classification evaluation indexes are put forward in three aspects,including industry application,academic achievements and industry guidance. At the same time,we suggest that the mature scientific and technological evaluation system of countries such as Britain and the United States should be used for reference to improve the classified evaluation of universities with industry characteristics in our country in the paper.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:( 1) we analyze the current situation of scientific and technological evaluation in Chinese universities. The evaluation of science and technology in universities with industry characteristics is too simplified since it only evaluates the academic research level of teachers and researchers through some quantitative indicators,such as the number of SCI papers and scientific research projects and funds,which cannot evaluate the scientific research results properly.For the universities with industry characteristics,most of the scientific research results are aimed at serving the practical application of specific industries,so the investigation of the practical application of the results should become a key part of the evaluation indexes of science and technology.( 2) This paper expounds that the scientific and technological evaluation of universities with industry characteristics must be constrained by the basic principles of scientific and technological evaluation,such as insisting on classified evaluation,establishing an efficient evaluation mechanism and establishing a characteristic evaluation system.( 3) This paper studies the evaluation model of science and technology in universities with industry characteristics,introduces the grey theory into the evaluation of science and technology,and selects the hierarchical indexes of the evaluation of science and technology.This paper divides the scientific and technological evaluation of universities with industry characteristics into three aspects,including industry application,academic achievements and industry guidance. The three classified evaluation indicators are further divided into 19 evaluation indicators. Among them,industry applications include application certification,technology transfer,patents,appraisal of application results and guidance of practice;and academic achievements include academic reports,academic papers,academic part-time,scientific research projects,research funds,postdoctoral,doctoral,master ’s,works,awards for scientific research results,pilot model,and industry guidance include the formulation of national( industry) standards,decision-making advisory reports and policy advice bulletins. The index system can fully and completely reflect the basic connotation of scientific research achievements. At the same time,in order to further improve the scientific and technological evaluation method,we also put forward the viewpoint of improving the scientific and technological classification evaluation of universities with industry characteristics by introducing third parties from Britain and the United States in this paper.