视角采择的自动性

The Automaticity of Perspective-taking

视角采择是个体表征他人或自己所看到世界的能力。个体在判断他人的视角时总是会自动激活自己的视角,但是当个体采取自己的视角时,并不总是会自动激活他人的视角。研究表明,当采取自己的视角时,成人和儿童可以自动做一级视觉视角采择,二级视觉视角采择的过程是非自动的,且成人可以自动做空间视角采择。未来研究需要继续探讨一级视觉视角采择自动性的影响因素,实验设置和个体因素是否会影响二级视觉视角采择的自动性,空间视角采择自动性的发展趋势和影响因素,视角采择的自动性是否与被试完成任务时所使用的策略有关,以及视角采择自动性的发展机制和脑神经机制。

Perspective-taking is the ability of individuals to represent the world that other people see or the world they see. Individuals always automatically activate their own perspectives when judging the perspectives of others.But when individuals take their own perspectives,they do not always automatically activate the perspectives of others. Research shows that when taking one’s own perspectives,adults and children can automatically perform level-1 visual perspective-taking,while the level-2 visual perspective-taking is not automatic. In addition,adults can automatically perform spatial perspective-taking. Future studies need to continue to explore the influencing factors of the automaticity of level-1 visual perspective-taking,whether experimental settings and individual factors will affect the automaticity of level-2 visual perspective-taking,the developmental trajectory and the influencing factors of spatial perspective-taking,whether the automaticity of perspective-taking is related to the strategies used by subjects when completing the tasks,and the developmental mechanism and the brain mechanism of the automaticity of perspective-taking.