催化裂化装置旋风分离器机械故障的原因分析

Analysis of mechanical faults of cyclone in FCCU

催化裂化工艺中旋风分离器被用来进行催化剂与油气或与烟气的分离,是保证催化裂化装置长周期安全稳定运行的主要设备。旋风分离器在高温和高浓度的环境下长时间工作有可能发生各种机械故障,例如冲蚀、磨损、断裂、堵塞等,这些故障是导致分离效率下降,催化剂跑损量增大,压力降减小等的主要原因之一。这些不同的机械故障所引起的操作参数变化和跑损催化剂的物性变化是有所不同的,有些参数是突变的,有些是渐变的,还有一些是波动变化的,这些变化与机械故障之间存在着密切联系。可以通过跑损催化剂的浓度和粒度的变化,旋风分离器入口速度和压力降的变化对旋风分离器产生机械故障的原因进行诊断和分析。

Cyclone is operated for separating the catalyst particles from oil vapor or from flue gas in fluid catalytic cracking unit(FCCU),which is key equipment for the long-term operation of the unit.As the cyclone works at high temperature and high concentration for a long time,various mechanical faults may occur,such as erosion,wear,fracture,blocking etc.,which may result in the decrease of separation efficiency,the increase of catalyst loss and the fluctuation of pressure drop.But they are different from mechanical faults,and operating parameters changes and changes of physical properties of lost catalysts are different.Some parameters change abruptly,some parameters change gradually and some parameters change fluctuatingly.These changes are closely related to mechanical faults.The causes of mechanical faults of cyclones can be diagnosed and analyzed based upon the concentration and size distribution of lost catalysts and variations of inlet velocity of cyclone separator and pressure drop.