轮作制度对土壤生态的影响研究进展

Research Progress on Effect of Crop Rotation System on Soil Ecology

单一作物连作方式易造成土壤质量下降、土壤环境恶劣、田间害虫增加、作物出现新的病害等,严重影响作物的安全性。作物轮作方式则具有增加生物多样性、减少土壤侵蚀、改善土壤肥力和土壤结构、提高土壤酶活性、提高作物产量、利于进行病虫害管理以及田间除草等优点。本文阐述了轮作对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物多样性、土传病害等土壤特性的影响,并综述了轮作制度土壤生态影响的研究现状,以期为有效缓解连作障碍提供参考。

Continuous cropping of single crop is liable to cause soil quality decline,poor soil environment,increase of field pests,emergence of new diseases of crops,so it seriously affects the crop safety. Crop rotation has the advantages of increasing biodiversity,reducing soil erosion,improving soil fertility and soil structure,increasing soil enzyme activity,increasing crop yield,facilitating the management of pests,diseases and weeding in the field. The effects of crop rotation on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities,soil microbial diversity,soil-borne diseases and other soil characteristics were discussed in this paper. The current research status of soil ecological impacts of rotation system was summarized,in order to provide reference for effectively alleviating continuous cropping obstacles.