近代人力车业治理的理念与制度困境

The Idea and System Dilemma of Modern Rickshaw Industry Governance

近代中国人力车业不仅存在存续与废止的纠结,也存在政府、车商与车夫之间的冲突,其间,还伴随难以定型的针对人力车夫的救助制度。救助与废除之间的两难境地,折射出人力车业背后的社会诸多矛盾。在上海租界建立人力车夫救助制度的影响下,各地政府将对救助车夫和加强对人力车业的管理,作为两难之下的过渡性举措。抗战胜利后,南京国民政府将废除人力车作为其社会管理政策的一个重要方面,通过行政命令强制执行,但实际效果不理想。近代中国人力车业治理始终面临理念和制度的困境。

In modern China, the rickshaw industry has not only the entanglement of existence and abolition,but also the conflict between the government, car dealers and wheeler. In the meantime, it is accompanied by adifficult rescue system for a rickshaw drivers. Under the influence of the establishment of the rickshaw rescuesystem in the Shanghai concession, local governments will be responsible for the rescue of the driver and themanagement of the rickshaw industry as a traditional measure under the dilemma. After the victory of the Warof Resistance, the National Government would abolish rickshaws as an important aspect of its social management policy and enforce it through administrative orders, but the actual results were not satisfactory.Therefore,modern China’s rickshaw industry governance has always faced the dilemma of ideas and systems.