历史时期宁绍平原稻作环境与现代水耕人为土的形成

Rice Plantation Environment of the Ningshao Plain in Historical Period and Development of Modern Stagnic Anthrosols

通过分析宁绍平原形成、水利建设、人口变化及古代粮食种植业与农业技术发展等的历史,探讨了该平原水耕人为土形成过程。分析认为,宁绍平原地区水稻种植虽然已有7000 a以上的历史,但现代水耕人为土大约起于西汉之后,形成时间不足2000 a,在唐宋、明清和20世纪50～70年代有较快速的发展;水耕人为土形成大概可划分为5个时期。最早的水稻种植区为平原与丘陵山地过渡区的洪积扇上,水网平原区大规模水稻种植主要在唐宋之后,多数成土时间约1000 a左右;滨海平原区种植水稻时间较短,多数在500 a之内。研究认为,水分环境改善、农作技术发展和人口增加是宁绍平原水耕人为土形成、发展和演变的主要动力。

The formation history of the Ningshao plain,water conservancy construction,population change and the development of ancient grain production and agricultural technology were analyzed,and the formation history of Stagnic Anthrosols in the plain was discussed.The rice plantation in Ningshao plain had a history of more than 7000 years,but the formation time of modern Stagnic Anthrosols was less than 2000 years.It developed rapidly in the Tang and Song,Ming and Qing dynasties and in the 1950s to 1970s.Development of modern Stagnic Anthrosols in the plain might be divided into five periods.The earliest rice plantation area was the alluvial fan in the transition area between the plain and the hilly area.The large scale rice plantation in the water network plain area was mainly in the Tang and Song dynasties,most of the soil formation time was about 1000 years,and the rice plantation time was mostly about 500 years in the coastal plain area.It is considered that the main driving forces for the formation,development and evolution of the Stagnic Anthrosols in the Ningshao plain are the improvement of water environment,the development of farming technology and the increase of population.