云南保山烟区土壤与烟叶钙镁含量分布特征及相关性

Distribution and Correlation of Calcium and Magnesium Contents in Tobacco-growing Soil and Tobacco Leaves in Baoshan, Yunnan Province

探讨了云南保山烟区土壤交换性钙镁和烟叶钙镁含量的分布特征以及两者之间关系,为烟区钙镁肥料的合理施用提供理论依据。选择烟区76个代表性烟田采集土样和烟样,测定了其钙镁含量,应用描述性统计分析和多重比较进行了分布特征研究,应用相关分析和回归分析进行了土壤与烟叶相关性研究,建立了回归方程。结果表明,保山植烟土壤交换性钙和镁含量分别介于130～7300 mg kg^(-1)和20～1880 mg kg^(-1),平均分别为1811.93 mg kg^(-1)和354.93 mg kg^(-1),整体处于高含量范围;但是施甸、隆阳、昌宁和龙陵分别有44.44%、53.33%、41.18%和64.28%的土样钙/镁比低于5,腾冲100%和91.67%的土样交换性钙和镁含量处于低和很低范围。保山烟叶钙和镁含量分别介于0.53～2.67%和0.10～0.91%,平均含量分别为1.56%和0.32%,均低于全国烟叶平均水平;其中腾冲、龙陵和昌宁烟叶钙含量低于1.5%的分别达到91.67%、64.29%和64.71%,腾冲25.00%的烟叶镁含量低于0.15%。保山土壤交换性钙和镁含量与土壤pH呈极显著正相关,烟叶钙含量与土壤pH、交换性钙和镁含量极显著正相关,烟叶镁含量与土壤pH和交换性镁含量呈显著性正相关。土壤pH值对烟叶钙含量的影响最大,交换性镁对烟叶镁含量影响最大。因此,建议烟区针对土壤的交换性钙镁含量以及烤烟钙镁含量,科学进行分区管理。

Soil samples and tobacco leave samples were collected from 76 typical tobacco-planting farmlands,and then the contents of Ca and Mg in soils and tobacco leaves were determined.The distributions of Ca and Mg in soils and tobacco leaves were investigated,their correlations were analyzed and the regression equations were established.This research would provide the theoretical basis for the rational local fertilization of Ca and Mg in the tobacco-growing areas.The contents of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg were 130~7300 mg kg^-1 and 20~1880 mg kg^-1,with the mean of 1811.93 mg kg^-1 and 354.93 mg kg^-1 respectively.Soil samples with lower than 5 of Ca/Mg ratio accounted for 44.44%,53.33%,41.18%and 64.28%in Shidian,Longyang,Changning and Longling,respectively.About 100%and 91.67%of soil samples in Tengchong had low and very low contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg,respectively.The contents of Ca and Mg in tobacco leaves were 0.53~2.67%and 0.10~0.91%,with the means of 1.56%and 0.32%respectively,and were lower than the national average levels.The tobacco leaves lower than 1.5%of Ca content accounted for 91.67%,64.29%and 64.71%in Tengchong,Longling and Changning,respectively.The tobacco leaves lower than 0.15%of Mg content in Tengchong accounted for 25.00%.The contents of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg had extremely significant positive correlation with soil pH.The Ca content in tobacco leaves had extremely significant positive correlation with soil pH,exchangeable Ca and Mg.The Mg content in tobacco leaves had significant positive correlation with soil p H and exchangeable Mg.Soil pH was the most important factor to affect the Ca content in tobacco leaves,and soil exchangeable Mg to the Mg content in tobacco leaves.The scientific and zonal application of Ca and Mg fertilizer should be adopted in Baoshan.