氮肥配施添加剂NAM对甜瓜生长、养分利用和产量品质的影响

Effects of Combination of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Additive NAM on Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Quality of Melon

通过田间试验,研究NAM添加剂在甜瓜减氮施肥的情况下,对甜瓜生长、养分吸收及产量品质的影响,旨在验证利用NAM添加剂减少当地甜瓜施氮量的可行性。以新疆主栽甜瓜品种"黄皮9818"为材料,2年田间试验共设5个处理:常规施氮量(N)、常规施氮量添加NAM(N+NAM)、80%常规施氮量添加NAM(80%N+NAM)、不施氮添加NAM(N_0+NAM)、不施肥(CK),分析了甜瓜干物质、植株养分吸收利用效率、产量及品质。成熟期,与N处理相比,N+NAM处理显著提高干物质积累量及产量,分别提高4%和7.7%;而N处理与80%N+NAM处理干物质量和产量无显著差异。甜瓜各器官氮、磷、钾含量均表现为瓜>叶>茎,整株养分吸收量为钾>氮>磷;与各器官养分吸收量表现一致,N+NAM处理整株氮、磷吸收量显著高于其他处理5%～40%、5.5%～39%,氮肥表观利用率、生理利用率均以氮肥添加NAM处理最高,其中N+NAM、80%N+NAM处理氮肥表观利用率分别比常规施氮量处理(N)提高5.3%、4.9%。折光糖含量在3个施氮处理间差异不显著。与常规施氮处理的多次施肥相比,减氮20%添加NAM甜瓜产量和品质没有降低,并且提高了氮肥表观利用率。因此,在甜瓜生产中,减氮20%添加NAM是甜瓜施肥减施增效的有效途径。

The effects of additive NAM on the growth,nutrient uptake,yield,and quality of melon were studied in the field experiment in order to explore the feasibility of utilizing additive NAM to reduce the application of nitrogen(N)fertilizer.Taking the main Muskmelon variety of"Yellow 9818"as experiment material,five treatments were set for two years:conventional N application(N),conventional N application combined with additive NAM(N+NAM),80%conventional N application combined with additive NAM(80%N+NAM),no N application and adding additive NAM(N0+NAM),no fertilizer(CK).The dry matter,plant nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency,yield and quality of melon were analyzed.In the maturity stage,compared with N treatments,N+NAM treatment significantly increased dry matter accumulation and yield by 4%and 7.7%,respectively.No significant difference in dry matter quality and yield was found between N treatment and 80%N+NAM treatment.The contents of N,phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)in each organs of muskmelon were melons>leaves>stems,and total nutrient uptake of whole plant was K>N>P,which was in accord with the amount of nutrient uptake of various organs.The total amounts of plant N and P uptake in N+NAM treatment were significantly 5%-40%and 5.5%-39%higher than those in the other treatments.The N utilization rate and physiological utilization rate was the highest in the addition of NAM treatment.Compared with conventional N treatments,N fertilizer utilization efficiency in N+NAM and 80%N+NAM treatments were increased by 5.3%and 4.9%,respectively.Brix sugar content had no significant difference among the three N treatments.Compared with the N treatment,the 80%N+NAM treatment did not decreased the melon yield and quality,but apparently increased the utilization rate of N fertilizer.Therefore,reducing N fertilizer by 20%combined with adding NAM is an effective way to reduce fertilizer application and increase fertilizer efficiency in the melon production.