稻茬烤烟根区施用生物有机肥的效应

Effects of Applied Bioorganic Fertilizer to Root-zone Soil on Flue-cured Tobacco in Rice-tobacco Rotation

为探索稻茬烤烟根区施用生物有机肥的效应,在湖南省桂阳县采用大田试验研究了生物有机肥根区施用对烤烟营养生长、光合特性、烟叶质量及经济效果的影响。结果表明:①稻茬烤烟根区施用生物有机肥较条施处理,团棵期最大叶面积可提高24.58%,打顶期茎围、最大叶面积、SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率可分别提高4.72%、19.29%、14.78%、7.30%、22.64%、5.63%、32.14%,第1次采烤期SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率可分别提高15.64%、23.82%、30.00%、8.31%、15.26%,有利烤烟营养生长,提高烤烟叶绿素含量和光合能力。②稻茬烤烟根区施用生物有机肥较条施处理的上等烟比例、产量、产值、物理特性指数、化学成分指数、感官评吸总分、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥偏生产效益可分别提高5.96%、12.39%、17.51%、5.76%、18.46%、5.43%、12.38%、17.51%,有利于提升烟叶品质,增加产量和产值。③生物有机肥替代部分烟草专用基肥,可提高烟叶评吸质量、上等烟比例和氮肥偏生产效率。④三饼合一生物有机肥代替部分烟草专用基肥根区施用是可行的。

In order to explore the function of applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil under tobacco-rice rotation, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil on agronomic characters,photosynthetic characteristic, tobacco quality and economic characters in Guiyang County of Hunan Province. The results showed that compared with control(row fertilization), applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil could accelerate tobacco plant growth,improve chlorophyll content and tobacco leaf photosynthetic capacity, it increased the area of the largest leaf by 24.58% at rosette stage;increased the stem girth, the area of the largest leaf, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 4.72%, 19.29%, 14.78%, 7.30%, 22.64%, 5.63% and 32.14%,respectively, at topping stage;increased the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 15.64%, 23.82%, 30.00%, 8.31% and 15.26%, respectively, at first picking stage.Compared with control(row fertilization), applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil could promote tobacco quality and increase tobacco yield and output value, it increased the ratio of top rank, yield, output value, physical character index, chemical component index, smoking quality score, nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen partial production efficiency by 5.96%,12.39%, 17.51%, 5.76%, 18.46%, 5.43%, 12.38% and 17.51%, respectively. Applied bio-organic fertilizer part replacement of special base fertilizer for tobacco is feasible because it could improve tobacco smoking quality, ratio of top rank and nitrogen partial production efficiency.