星上敏感器空间矢量自准直测量方法及标定试验

Auto-collimation Measurement Method and Calibration Experiments for Space Vectors of Satellite On-board Sensor

针对星上敏感器测量坐标系高精度标定的需求,提出一种空间矢量自准直测量方法,采用光电自准直经纬仪、卫星转台、基准镜阵列和坐标平移系统等,实现立方镜镜面法向矢量之间夹角的高精度自动化测量。给出空间角测量模型,基于误差传播原理推导出误差模型,并证明不确定度上限;仿真分析传感器精度对空间角测量误差的灵敏度,并在此基础上进行误差分配;设计并研制星上敏感器空间矢量自准直测量系统,对光电自准直经纬仪的转角精度、两轴垂直度和整个系统的空间角测量精度等进行试验标定;结果表明,光电自准直经纬仪转角精度优于0.6″、两轴垂直度优于0.2″,空间角测量精度优于3″,验证所提出方法的有效性、误差分配的合理性和设计方案的可行性,可为高精度星上敏感器的自动化测量标定系统的开发和应用提供参考。

An auto-collimation measurement method for space vectors is proposed to precisely calibrate coordinate systems of satellite on-board sensors. With this method,high-precision automatic measurement of the angle between normal vectors of cube faces is achieved by employing the photoelectric auto-collimation theodolite,satellite turntable,reference mirror array,and coordinate translation system. The measurement model is provided and the error model is constructed based on the principle of error propagation. Then the upper limit of the uncertainty is derived. The sensitivity of the sensors' accuracy on the measurement error is analysed via simulation,based on which error is distributed. An auto-collimation measurement system for space vectors of satellite on-board sensors is designed and developed. Calibration experiments show that the angle accuracy of the theodolite is up to 0.6",the verticality error between two axes is less than 0.2",and the systemic measurement accuracy of the space angle is up to 3". These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,the rationality of the error distribution,and the feasibility of the design. This research provides useful information for the development and application of the high-precision automatic measurement and calibration system for the satellite on-board sensors.