基于双层Stackelberg博弈的微能源网能量管理优化

Energy Management Optimization of Micro Energy Grid Based on Hierarchical Stackelberg Game Theory

提出了基于双层Stackelberg博弈的"供电公司–微能源网–用户"能源交易模型与求解算法。通过分析供电公司、微能源网和用户的博弈目标与策略,从理论上证明了该博弈存在唯一的Stackelberg均衡解,并求解了其均衡策略。在上层博弈中,供电公司作为领导者通过调整售电价格来刺激微能源网购电,微能源网作为跟随者,以最小化产能成本为目标,根据电价来决定购电量;在下层博弈中,作为领导者,微能源网根据用户的实际用能需求来制定售能价格,而用户作为跟随者,则调整用能策略以平衡购能支出和用能体验。经算例验证,所提的双层博弈方法可有效求解各参与者的均衡策略,并具有良好的收敛性和经济性。

In this paper, an energy trading model and solution algorithm of "power supply company, micro energy grid(MEG) and users" based on hierarchical Stackelberg game theory are proposed. By analyzing the game objectives and strategies of abovementioned participants, the unique Stackelberg equilibrium(SE) of the game is proved theoretically, and the equilibrium strategies are solved. In the upper-level game, power supply company as a leader stimulates MEG to purchase electricity by adjusting electricity selling price;as the follower, the MEG determines the amount of purchased electricity based on released selling price, to minimize production cost. In the lower-level game, the MEG leads the game by deciding energy selling prices based on actual energy demands of users, and users as followers adjust energy-using strategies to balance expenditure and experience of energy usage. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical game method can obtain equilibrium strategies of each participant effectively and has good convergence and economy.