基于多元资料的成都市2049远景发展战略规划气候可行性论证

Climatic Feasibility Demonstration of 2049 Urban Strategic Planning in Chengdu Based on Multivariate Data

配合2015年成都市2049远景发展战略规划编制,利用成都市气象和空气质量观测数据、卫星遥感、地理信息及城市规划土地利用资料,对该市风、热/冷环境和大气环境进行计算分析,结果表明:①成都市主导风向为NE,年平均风速为1.2m/s,静风频率高达34%,冬季风速最小。市域内风速总体呈东北向西南递减趋势,西部沿龙门山岷江口和湔江口为市域2处主要通风口。21世纪00年代城市集中区风速较20世纪80、90年代显著减少,NE和NW风向上减少可达0.5m/s。②该市较强等级以上热岛面积由1992年的53.6km^2发展至2014年的798km^2,且热岛中心呈现多极化。高级别生态冷源集中于龙门山和龙泉山,大规模城市扩张与沿山坡耕地是热/冷环境恶化的重要原因。③成都大气环境状况不佳,空气污染程度呈现城区—近郊—远郊递减特征。2007—2014年城区PM10和NO2平均浓度分别为0.116mg/m^3和0.054mg/m^3,均未达国家环境空气质量二级标准。④绘制了成都市城市气候分析图,并结合实地调查、土地利用现状以及发展诉求,形成了城市规划气候建议图,将全市划分为6类规划分区,明确了对气候影响程度不同的各类空间,进而为成都市2049远景发展战略规划提出了气候可行性建议。

Based on the observation data of climate and air quality,satellite remote sensing and geographic information data,and relevant urban planning data,the wind environment,the thermal/cold environment and atmospheric environment in Chengdu are comprehensively analyzed.The results of study have been applied to the Chengdu 2049 Urban Strategic Planning.The results show that:(1)The dominant wind direction in Chengdu is northeast,and the wind speed in winter is the smallest.In the urban area,the wind speed is decreasing from northeastern to southwest.The estuaries of the Minjiang River and Jianjiang River in the western Longmen pediment region are two main vents in Chengdu.The wind speed of the centralized urban construction area decreased in the 2000 ssignificantly relative to the speed in the 1980s and 1990 s,decreased by 0.5 m/s in the northeast and northwest.(2)The strong heat island and the relative strong heat island area increased from 53.6 km^2 in 1992 to 798 km^2 in 2014,and the center of heat island presented multi-polarization.The high-grade eco-cold sources were concentrated in the Longmen Mountain and Longquan Mountain.High-intensity urban construction and slope farmland development are the main reasons for the deterioration of the thermal environment.(3)The atmospheric environment in Chengdu is not good and the spatial distribution of air pollution shows a decreasing trend from the central urban area,the inner suburbs,to the outer suburbs.During the period of 2007 to 2014,the annual mean concentrations of PM10 and NO2 in the urban areas exceeded the Grade II national standards for air quality.(4)The urban climatic analysis map of Chengdu is drawn up,and the urban climatic recommendation map is presented by combining with field investigation,land use status quo and development demands.Finally,the proposals for the 2049 Urban Strategic Planning in Chengdu are put forward.