摘要
The demand for renewables such as solar and wind power has become stronger than ever in the past few decades and their numerous advantages have nearly risen to the status of common knowledge. However, as solar and wind power are intermittent in nature, the electricity generated from these renewable sources only comprise a low fraction of global electricity production. Enabling the widespread use of renewables requires energy storage technology that is site-independent, efficient, scalable, stable, cost-effective, safe, energy dense and continuous in operation. To date, none of the existing technologies have adequately met the attributes necessary for storing intermittent and scattered solar, wind and other sources of renewable energy. Pumped hydro and compressed air are scalable and cost-effective, but are limited by geography and geology [1].
基金
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Tehcnology, Mater Materials Research Program under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357
