在华非洲黑种人艾滋病传播风险分析

Risk analysis of HIV transmission among black African migrants in China

目的了解在华非洲黑种人艾滋病的传播风险。方法采用问卷调查的方式对在华非洲黑种人进行面对面的调查,收集其对艾滋病的认知、高危性行为以及与当地居民的社会交往信息,以描述分析其艾滋病的传播风险。结果在艾滋病的认知方面,16.3%(17/104)的非洲黑种人不知道艾滋病会通过母亲怀孕传染给胎儿,15.5%(16/103)的人不清楚使用安全套能预防艾滋病,22.3%(23/103)的人不知道只与一个性伙伴发生性行为可以减少艾滋病传播。在高危性行为方面,过去6个月内发生性行为的非洲黑种人中,37.5%(9/24)的人性行为对象非配偶或情侣,41.7%(10/24)的人性伴数不止一个。30.8%(32/104)的非洲黑种人从来不使用安全套,1.0%(1/104)的人发生过男男性行为,4.8%(5/104)的人有过吸毒行为。在社会交往方面,55.3%(57/103)的非洲黑种人经常参加中国人的活动,34.0%(35/103)的人在居住地以外的城市居住过(3个月以上),平均每个非洲黑种人的中国朋友数为5名,67.3%(70/104)的非洲黑种人空闲时间与朋友聚会。结论在华非洲黑种人对艾滋病认知混杂,性伴多样,无保护性行为普遍存在,加强对在华非洲黑种人艾滋病防治和干预新模式的探索,对减少艾滋病的传播风险显得尤为重要。

Objective To understand the risks of HIV transmission among black African migrants living in China.Methods A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among black African migrants living in China.The social and behavioral information were collected to analyze the risks of HIV transmission including knowledge on HIV/AIDS,high-risk sexual behavior,and interaction with local residents.Results In the aspect of HIV/AIDS knowledge,16.3%(17/104)did not know that HIV would be transmitted from mother to child during the pregnancy;15.5%(16/103)did not know that condom use could prevent HIV transmission;and 22.3%(23/103)did not know that intercourse with only one partner could reduce the risks of HIV transmission.Among black Africans who had sex in the past six months,37.5%(9/24)had sex with a partner other than a spouse or lover;41.7%(10/24)had more than one sexual partners.30.8%(32/104)never used condoms;1.0%(1/104)had homosexual behavior and 4.8%(5/104)were drug abusers.In terms of social interaction,55.3%(57/103)of Africans often participated in social activities with Chinese;34.0%(35/103)had lived in other Chinese cities instead of residence more than three months.The average number of Chinese friends per African was 5,and 67.3%(70/104)of them spent spare time with friends.Conclusion Black African migrants living in China have different understanding of HIV/AIDS knowledge,multiple sexual partners and widespread unprotected sexual behavior.It is important to strengthen HIV/AIDS prevention and explore new intervention for them in China,so as to reduce the risks of HIV transmission.