老年HIV感染群体的扩大已呈不容低估的发展趋势

Expansion of the elderly HIV infection group-a trend to be never underestimated

随着全球人口老龄化速度的加快,我国艾滋病呈现老龄化的趋势日渐突出,艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者的年龄构成也逐渐向老龄化倾斜。抗反转录病毒治疗的普及以及HIV-1筛查针对性的提升,新发HIV感染的中老年人群在迅速上升,因此,目前艾滋病呈老龄化发展趋势已不容忽视。HIV-1感染本身是否会加速衰老过程尚存在争议,同时,与非艾滋病相关的心血管疾病、糖尿病、肾脏疾病、神经系统疾病、恶性肿瘤以及骨质疏松症等疾病的发生率在老年HIV-1感染者中也呈指数增长,从而使艾滋病这一严重的社会公共问题变得更为复杂。对此,开展老年HIV感染者的发病机制与免疫学特征研究,探索更为有效的防治措施,加强老年HIV-1感染者的综合管理,具有重要的临床意义。本文就老年AIDS流行状况、免疫衰老、老年HIV感染者的治疗、筛查,以及随访管理进行阐述。

With the acceleration of the aging of the global population,the elderly HIV/AIDS infections are also getting more in China,which remains a prominent challenge in HIV/AIDS prevention and control.With the expansion of antiretroviral therapy and improvement of targeted HIV-1 screening,an increased number of new HIV infections has been detected among the middle-aged and aged people.Therefore,the problem of AIDS among the elderly cannot be ignored.It still remains controversial whether HIV-1 infection itself will accelerate the aging process,meanwhile,the incidence of diseases related to non-AIDS-related cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,kidney disease,neurological diseases,malignant tumors,and osteoporosis has also increased exponentially among the elderly HIV-1-infected individuals,which makes AIDS,a serious social and public problem,even more complicated.It is of great clinical significance to carry out researches on the pathogenesis and immunological characteristics of elderly HIV-infected individuals,explore more effective prevention and control measures,and strengthen the comprehensive management of elderly HIV-infected individuals.This article focuses on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the aged individuals,immuno-senescence,antiretroviral treatment,screening,and followup management on the HIV-1-infected population.