摘要
Optical waveguide, a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum, is the key elements of photonic devices that perform guiding, coupling, switching, splitting, multiplexing and demultiplexing of optical signals [1]. In general, an optical waveguide is tuned by electrical field through a two-terminal diode [1]. Such integration was widely used in current photonic devices, but restricts its potentials in tiny optical chips for bio/medical and space applications [2].
