黑龙江省农区与垦区农村居民点空间格局特征及差异

Spatial pattern characteristics and differences of rural settlement in the agricultural and reclamation areas of Heilongjiang Province

为探寻粮食主产区不同农业发展水平下农村居民点空间分布特征及差异,以黑龙江富锦市为例,采用GIS空间分析、地统计、景观指数方法分析农区与垦区农村居民点空间格局特征,结果表明:1)空间分布上,农区与垦区居民点均属集聚模式,最高核密度分别为0.93和0.73km^(-2),农区居民点密集程度相对较高;2)规模分布上,农区居民点规模呈全局低值集聚,表现为大规模、小规模集聚和随机分布3种模式;垦区居民点规模呈全局高值集聚,显著性较低,主要为大规模集聚和随机分布2种模式;3)形态分布上,农区居民点斑块形态空间分布格局表现出随机特性,空间分异格局中的随机成分较高;垦区居民点斑块形态变化具有连续性和规律性,由空间自相关引起的空间结构分异较为显著。结合农区与垦区居民点空间格局特征,提出差别化的居民点空间整治与重构模式,为城乡融合背景下乡村重构与农村居民点整理提供参考。

The aim of this study is to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and differences of rural settlements under different agricultural development levels in main grain producing areas.GIS spatial analysis,geostatistics and landscape index methods are used to analyze the spatial pattern and difference of distribution,scale and morphological characteristics of rural settlement of agricultural and reclamation areas in Fujin of Heilongjiang Province.The result shows:1) In terms of spatial distribution,rural settlement in agricultural and reclamation areas all belong to agglomeration mode.The highest nuclear density of agricultural and reclamation areas are 0.93 and 0.73 km^-2 respectively,and the density in agricultural areas is relatively higher.2) In terms of scale distribution,the scale of rural settlement in agricultural areas presented globally low clustering spatial distribution,which is manifested in three modes of large-scale,small-scale and random distribution.The scale of rural settlement in reclamation areas presented globally high clustering spatial distribution,which is manifested in two modes of large-scale and random distribution.3) In terms of morphological distribution,the spatial distribution pattern of morphology of rural settlement in agricultural areas shows random characteristics,random components in the spatial distribution pattern are much higher.The spatial distribution pattern of morphology of rural settlement in reclamation areas shows continuity and stability characteristics,the mechanism of the structural differentiation caused by natural correlation in the spatial distribution pattern is much higher.According to the spatial pattern characteristics of the rural settlement in the agricultural and reclamation areas,different spatial regulations and reconstruction model of rural settlements are proposed.This study provides reference for rural reconstruction and consolidation of rural residential areas under the background of urban rural integration.