阙里孔庙御制楹联匾额考论

Textual Research into Imperial Couplets and Inscribed Boards in Queli Confucian Temple

清代皇帝为阙里孔庙题写颁赐了不少楹联匾额,其中乾隆皇帝的御制最多。这在正史中多有提及,在山东方志中也得到了具体的展现。通过考证部分匾联颁揭的时间、悬挂的地点,见出与北京孔庙的差异;同时考察匾联的内涵,显示书写匾联颁赐全国文庙不仅成了皇帝的特权,也成了皇权的外在显现,体现了清室崇儒重道的基本国策。这些匾联是阙里孔庙的艺术点缀,体现了我们民族诗性文化的特色。

Fhe rulers in Qi ng dynasty wrote and bestowed quite a number of couples and horizontal inscribed boards for Queli Confucius Temple, most of them made by Emperor Qianlong’s order, which were mentioned in the official history and concretely recorded in Shandong local chronicles. Through investigating the time and the hanging places of part of the couplets and boards, some differences are found between Queli Confucian Temple and Beijing Confucius Temple. Writing and bestowing couplets and horizontal inscribed boards for Confucian temples in the whole country became emperor' s privileges and an external manifestation of authority. It embodies Qing Dynasty's basic national policy of respecting Confucianism. These couplets and boards are not only artistic decorations for Queli Confucian Temple, but also show the characteristics of the poetic culture of Chinese nation.