权利行使行为与敲诈勒索罪的类型分析

An Analysis of the Types of Exercise of Rights and Extortion

对使用胁迫手段的权利行使行为,需要按照敲诈勒索罪的各构成要件要素判断其是否构成敲诈勒索罪。学界一般将涉及权利行使与敲诈勒索罪的案件分为3种类型,即被害人用恐吓手段从盗窃犯等不法占有者手中取回财物的、行为人认为自己"吃亏"而提出较高民事赔偿要求的、债权人主张债权时使用了恐吓手段的。在这3种类型案件中,行为人可能不具备针对财产权利的侵害,可能不具备非法占有目的,也可能不具备敲诈勒索罪要求的恐吓行为。特别需要重视的是,敲诈勒索罪的恐吓行为必须是以"恶害"为内容的,使他人的意思自由受到不当限制的不法行为。

To decide whether using coercive means to exercise one’s rights become extortion, we should analyze the action according to the elements of extortion. It is reasonable to categorize cases involving the exercise of rights and extortion into three types. One uses the means of intimidation to retrieve one’s own property from the illegal possessor, such as a thief;one asks for a high civil compensation for that one thinks he/she suffered losses;the creditor uses intimidation to claim his/her debt. In these three types of cases, the perpetrator may not infringe others’ property rights;they may not have an illegal possession purpose or have the intimidation required to form extortion. It is very important to notice that the content of intimidation to form extortion must be based on "harmfulness", and it is a wrongful act that put some undue restriction upon others’ free will.