农产品和水体中农药残留检测技术研究进展

Research progress for detection technology of pesticide residue in agricultural products and water

农药残留是指由于使用农药而残留于农作物、水体、土壤等的农药原体和代谢物。农药具有毒性强、稳定性好、生物聚集性等特点,极易在环境中发生富集,最终进入人体,其残留问题已对人类健康和环境中其他生物体形成极大威胁。因此监测食品或环境中的农药残留水平对人类健康和保护生物多样性具有十分重要的作用。随着科学技术的不断探索和发展,农药残留检测技术也取得了重大突破。本研究总结了农药残留的方式和危害;分析了农药残留检测中常用的前处理方法(液液萃取、固相萃取、QuEChERS提取法和其他方法),对比了几种方法的优缺点;对近年来农药残留的传统分析技术的最新应用和新型的检测分析技术及其应用进行了综述,并对当前领域存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了总结。

Pesticide residues refer to pesticide residues in crops,water bodies,soil and other pesticide protoplasms and metabolites due to the use of pesticides.Pesticide has the characteristics of strong toxicity,good stability,biological aggregation and so on,and it is very easy to occur enrichment in the environment and eventually enter the human body.Its residual problem has posed a great threat to human health and other organisms in the environment.Therefore,monitoring pesticide residues in food or the environment plays an important role in human health and biodiversity protection.With the continuous exploration and development of science and technology,pesticide residue detection technology has also made a major breakthrough.This paper summarized the methods and hazards of pesticide residues and analyzed the pretreatment methods(liquid-liquid extraction,solid-phase extraction,QuEChERS extraction and other methods) those commonly used in the detection of pesticide residue.Besides,this paper also compared the advantages and disadvantages of several pretreatment methods.Furthermore,this article reviewed the latest application of traditional analytical techniques for pesticide residues in recent years and new detection and analysis techniques,and proposed the challenge and the future development in this field.