飞行姿态显示设计对异常姿态恢复操作的影响研究

Research on the influence of flight attitude display on the operation of unusual attitude recovery

目的研究比较3种姿态方向指示器(attitude directional indicator,ADI)设计与2种参照框架对恢复飞机异常姿态判断的共同影响,以减少飞行事故,保障航空安全。方法使用E-prime对在不同角度的异常飞行姿态下常规、透视图飞机符号(perspective-view aircraft symbol,PAS)和指令3种ADI样式与动态地平线(moving horizon,MH)和动态飞机符(moving aircraft,MA)两种参照框架进行交互匹配的图片进行编程,模拟恢复试验。34名普通全日制军校大学生为受试者,均为男性,平均(22,43±1,32)岁。采用2×3×4的受试者内试验设计。2种参照框架和3种ADI样式组合为6种显示方式,每种包括8个角度的飞机旋转姿态,总计48幅图片。在学习阶段,向受试者呈现飞机正常,飞行姿态和异常飞行姿态的图片,并指导受试者恢复异常飞行姿态的方式,即向左恢复按“F”键,向右恢复按“J”键。在练习阶段,向受试者呈现4幅异常飞行姿态图片,当受试者对4幅姿态的判断均正确时,表明受试者已经掌握任务并进行正式试验。正式试验时,48种图片随机顺序呈现,记录受试者反应时和正确数。结果以反应时为因变量进行受试者组内方差分析,ADI样式与参照框架的交互作用对受试者反应时的影响具有统计学意义[F(2,66)=6,267,P=0,003,η^2=0,160];常规ADI样式和形象化ADI样式与MA参照框架的组合更佳。以正确率为因变量进行受试者内方差分析,ADI样式与参照框架的交互作用对正确率的影响具有统计学意义[F(2,66)=12,018,P<0,01,η^2=0,267];MH参照框架与3种ADI样式的搭配显著优于指令-MA显示和常规-MA显示,而PAS-MA显示也较好。结论①两种新型ADI样式(指令、PAS)具备传统的常规ADI样式所没有的优势的。②MH参照框架具有总体上正确恢复率方面的优势。③本研究理论上推荐PAS-MA显示设计。

Objective To reduce flight accidents and ensure aviation safety by comparing the combination effects of three attitude directional indicator(ADI) designs and two reference frames [moving horizon(MH) and moving aircraft(MA)] on the operation of aircraft unusual attitude recovery. Methods The simulated recovery experiments were carried out by E-prime programming the interactively matched pictures that were presented by the regular perspective-view aircraft symbol(PAS) under unusual flight altitude and two reference frames that referenced MH and MA. The subjects were 34 male college students in the full-time military academy,with average age of(22.43±1.32) years old. The experiment was done based on 2×3×4 intra-test design. The combination of 2 reference frames and 3 ADI styles produced six displays and each of them corresponded to 8 rotation altitudes. Totally 48 pictures were displayed. During learning phase,the usual or unusual flight altitude pictures were presented to the subjects and the recovery operation was instructed to press the "F" key for the recovery to the left and the "J" key to the right. During training phase,4 unusual flight altitude pictures were presented to the subjects. When the subjects were able to correctly judge these 4 pictures they were thought to be ready for the formal experiment. In formal experiment,48 pictures were randomly presented to the subjects and the reaction time and the number of correct recovery were recorded. Results The intra-group variance analysis with reaction time as the dependent variable indicated that the effect of the interaction between ADI style and reference frame on subjects’ reaction time was statistically significant,[F(2,66)=6.267,P=0.003,η^2=0.160]. The combination of conventional ADI format and PAS format with MA reference frame showed better matched effect. The intra-group analysis of the variance with correct rate as the dependent variable indicated that the effect of interaction between the ADI style and the reference frame on subjects' correct rate was statistically significant [F(2,66)=12.018,P<0.001,η^2=0.267]. The MH reference frame matched with 3 ADI formats showed better results than the CMD-MA display and the CON-MA display. PAS-MA design also showed good performance. Conclusions ① Two new ADI formats(CMD,PAS) show certain advantages that traditional and conventional ADI format(CON) does not have.②The MH reference frame has the advantage on overall correct recovery rate.③The study theoretically recommends the PAS-MA display design.