U-2飞机飞行员高空减压病及防护

Altitude decompression sickness and its protection in U-2 pilots

目的综述U-2高空侦察飞机飞行员高空减压病(altitude decompression illness,ADS)的发病情况以及防护研究进展,为今后我国开展超高空飞行飞行员生命保障技术研究提供借鉴。资料来源与选择国内外该领域相关文献。资料引用引用公开发表的文献21篇。资料综合ADS始终是U-2飞机飞行员面临的重要威胁。笔者对1959年以来公开报道的U-2飞机飞行员ADS案例进行综述,分析U-2飞行员ADS发病情况的变化趋势,以及美军在ADS的预防、诊断和治疗方面的研究进展。结论U-2飞行员长时间、高频率高空低气压暴露的特点,使ADS在U-2飞行员中保持着较高的发病率和较严重的后果。研究U-2飞行员ADS防治经验,对我军开展超高空飞行器飞行员防护技术研究具有重要的借鉴作用。

Objective To review the incidence of altitude decompression sickness(ADS) and protections in U-2 pilots in order to provide reference to Chinese pilot's life support technique for extra-high altitude flight. Literature resource and selection The related articles published at home and abroad. Literature quotation Twenty-one published references were cited. Literature synthesis The ADS is always a serious threat to the health of the pilots in extra-high altitude flight . In this paper,the author reviewed all the publicly reported ADS cases of U-2 pilots since 1959,and analyzed the trending of incidence of ADS in U-2 pilots and the study progress on the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of ADS in US military. Conclusions The high morbidity and serious consequence of ADS in U-2 pilots are due to the U-2 pilots frequently expose to the high altitude hypobaric environment for long time. It is meaningful to our study on pilot's life support technique for extra-high altitude flight by summarizing the prevention and countermeasures of ADS for U-2 pilots.