丝绸之路经济带中线40国世界遗产空间分布特征

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of 40 World Heritage Sites in the Middle Line of the Silk Road Economic Belt

【目的】指出丝绸之路经济带中线40个国家的世界遗产分布状况,揭示其空间分布特征及规律,为我国"一带一路"的具体规划实施提供依据。【方法】借助Google Earth,运用ArcGIS软件,采用数理统计分析方法,详细分析了40国世界遗产的数量特征及空间分布特征,并探讨形成各种空间分异的原因。【结果】结果表明:(1)丝绸之路经济带中线40个国家的世界遗产类型数量较大,遗产类型丰富多样,文化遗产数量占主导地位,主要集中在古建筑、古城镇等可见的文化景观。(2)40个国家的世界遗产数量分布极不均衡,发达国家明显优于发展中国家,中东欧区域世界遗产分布更为集中。(3)区域内的世界遗产主要分布在东经40度以西,集中分布在沿河、沿海、沿山脉区域,呈现多个条带状、团块状的密集分布区域。(4)区域内世界自然遗产集中分布在中高纬度地区,世界文化与自然双重遗产集中分布在中低纬度地区。区域内世界文化遗产数量较多,中低纬度世界遗产数量高于中高纬度地区,其密度则低于中高纬度地区。(5)丝绸之路经济带中线40国的濒危世界遗产数量较多,集中分布在地中海东部沿岸。【结论】丝绸之路经济带中线40国世界遗产空间分布极不均衡,受制于地方经济水平、地形地貌和地方政治稳定性等多要素影响。

[Objective]This paper points out the distribution of world heritage in 40 countries in the middle of the Silk Road Economic Belt, reveals its spatial distribution characteristics and laws, and provides a basis for the implementation of the specific planning of the "Belt and Road" in China.[Methods] With GoogleEarth, ArcGIS software was used to analyze the quantitative characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of 40 world heritage sites by using mathematical statistics analysis methods, and to explore the reasons for various spatial differentiations.[Results] The results show that:(1) The 40 countries in the Silk Road Economic Belt have a large number of World Heritage types, rich and diverse heritage types, and a dominant cultural heritage, mainly concentrated in ancient buildings, ancient towns and other visible cultures. landscape.(2) The distribution of World Heritage in 40 countries is extremely uneven, developed countries are clearly superior to developing countries, and the distribution of World Heritage in Central and Eastern Europe is more concentrated.(3) The World Heritage in the region is mainly distributed in the west of 40 degrees east longitude, and is concentrated in the river, coastal and mountainous areas, showing a plurality of striped and agglomerate densely distributed areas.(4) The world’s natural heritage in the region is concentrated in the middle and high latitudes, and the world’s cultural and natural heritage is concentrated in the middle and low latitudes. There are a large number of world cultural heritages in the region, and the number of world heritage sites in the middle and low latitudes is higher than that in the middle and high latitudes, and its density is lower than that in the middle and high latitudes.(5) The number of endangered world heritages in the 40 countries of the Silk Road Economic Belt is relatively large, concentrated in the eastern Mediterranean coast.[Conclusion] The spatial distribution of the world heritage sites of the 40 countries in the Silk Road Economic Belt is extremely uneven, and is affected by many factors such as local economic level, topography and local political stability.