意蕴与能力——反心理主义指称理论的两条道路

Significance and Ability: Two Kinds of Anti-Psychological Theory of Reference

一般而言,指称问题指的是符号与对象之间的指涉关系问题。心理主义指称理论试图通过诉诸心理表象、意象等概念来解释指称现象,这一理论成为近代以来指称理论的代表性立场。海德格尔将指称问题还原为源始的意蕴、意指概念问题,用世界性现象来克服心理主义的表象主义。普特南继承弗雷格和维特根斯坦的学说,反对心理主义指称理论的意象说,指出指称起源于一种独特的语言运用能力。海德格尔和普特南的反心理主义指称理论,在根基上反映出实践策略和语言策略的差异。

Generally speaking, the issue of reference means that how symbols could refer something. Psychological theory of reference is one of the dominant standpoint which deals with the reference issue by psychological representation or images. However, Heidegger reduces reference to more original Significance and Mean, he surpasses the representationism by worldliness. Putnam inherits Frege and Wittgenstein’s thoughts and opposes psychological images;he concludes that the reference origins from a special linguistic ability. The core of Heidegger and Putnam’s anti-psychological theory of reference reflects the difference between practice and language.