传统、革命与性别:华北解放区土改运动中妇女的动机与顾虑考察

Tradition, Revolution and Gender: Motivation and Concern of Women in the Land Reform Movement in the Liberated Areas of North China

华北解放区土改运动展开时,乡村妇女存在明显的差异性表现。现实的利益考量与实际之需让她们振臂高呼、积极涌入革命潮流;革命与传统的藩篱、政党政策的偏差以及自身所需的未满足又令她们犹豫不决、消极应付,甚至公然抗拒。为解决这些问题,中共及其领导的华北解放区各级政府一方面调整相关政策,从乡村妇女的家庭生活入手,解除其后顾之忧;另一方面通过身份建构和树立典型来增强妇女的自信心、提高她们的阶级觉悟。通过以上举措,最终促使华北解放区广大乡村女性走出家庭,参与到了轰轰烈烈的土改运动中。

When the land reform started in the liberated areas of North China,there were obvious differences between rural women. Realistic interests and practical needs enabled them to shout and rush into the trend of revolution;the traditional hedge,the deviation of party policy and the unsatisfactory needs of themselves’ made them hesitated,reacting negatively,or even resisting the reform openly. In order to solve these problems,on one hand,the Chinese Communist Party and its governments at all levels in the liberated areas of North China adjusted relevant policies to relieve the worries from the family life of rural women;on the other hand,they enhanced women’s self-confidence and class consciousness through identity construction and typical establishment. Finally,the vast rural women in liberated areas of North China moved out of their families and participated in the vigorous land reform movement.