兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)的花粉活力、柱头可授性及繁育系统

Pollen Viability,Stigma Receptivity and Breeding System of Lanzhou Lily

为了探讨兰州百合(Lilium davidii var. unicolor)自然结实率低的原因,以"兰百1号"为试材,利用TTC(2,3,5-氯代三苯基四氮唑)染色法、离体萌发法测定花粉活力,以联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,通过杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比和人工授粉试验对其繁育系统进行研究。结果表明:兰州百合开花当天08:00—14:00花粉活力较高,10:00左右花粉萌发率最高,可达78.31%;在开花当天08:00—12:00柱头可授性最强;花粉萌发时期与柱头可授时期基本重叠。杂交指数4,花粉-胚珠比2 195～4 836,自花授粉、同株异花授粉花败育率100%,异株异花授粉花败育率50%,结实率40%。兰州百合繁育系统为专性异交、自交不亲和、传粉过程需要传粉者。

In order to explore the reasons for the low natural seed set rate of Lanzhou Lily( Lilium Davidii var. unicolor),we selected the lily variety"Lanbai 1"as material to measure its pollen viability by two methods including Benzidine-α-Naphthol coloring and pollen tube quick germination,as well as its stigma receptivity by benzidine-hydrogen method. We also researched its breeding system by evaluating its outcrossing index( OCI),pollen-ovule ratio and artificial pollination experiments. The results showed that during the first flowering day,the highest pollen vigor appeared an 08:00-14:00,the highest germination rate( 78.31%) appeared at 10:00,the highest stigma receptivity appeared at 08:00-12:00,and these two periods basically overlapped. The outcrossing index was 4,the pollen-ovule ratio was 2 195-4 836. Both self-pollination and geitonogamy resulted in 100% flower abortion,but xenogamy resulted in 50% flower abortion and the fruit set rate was 40%. Lanzhou lily breeding system was self-incompatibility and pollinator was necessary.