生物炭对兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)连作土壤的改良作用

Improvement Effect of Biochar on the Degraded Soil of Lanzhou Lily Field

连作障碍严重影响兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)的产量和品质。生物炭在土壤改良中具有一定的作用。将竹炭和稻壳炭加入兰州百合连作土壤,测定了土壤生物化学性质,探讨生物炭对连作退化土壤的改良效应。结果表明:(1)生物炭的添加提高了百合连作土壤的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾的含量。(2)生物炭的施用在一定程度上提高了土壤酶活性。(3)利用Illumina Miseq平台检测了土壤样品微生物群落,与对照相比,添加生物炭使微生物群落结构发生了明显的变化,有益细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)的丰度升高,而兰州百合主要致病真菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的丰度下降,降低了枯萎病发生的可能。(4)在盆栽试验中,各处理的根系活力和生物量皆高于对照,生物量提高11.85%～13.21%,根系活力提高了57.88%～58.88%。施用生物炭对克服兰州百合的连作障碍、提高土壤肥力有明显的促进作用。

The continuous cropping obstacle of Lanzhou lily seriously affects its yield and quality. The inherent physical and chemical properties and structural characteristics of biochar have certain advantages in overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of bamboo charcoal and rice husk charcoal on soil biochemical properties of continuous and non-continuous soils of Lanzhou lily in 120 days.The results showed that:( 1) The addition of biochar increased the content of organic matter,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in lily continuous cropping soil.( 2) The application of biochar increased the enzyme activity to some extent.( 3) The microbial community of different samples was detected by the Illumina Miseq platform. Compared with the control,the microbial community structure changed significantly. The abundance of the beneficial bacteria Sphingomonas was increased,while the main pathogenic fungus of Lanzhou lily the abundance of Fusarium was reduced,reducing the possibility of blight.( 4) In the pot experiment,the root activity and biomass of each treatment were higher than the continuous soil control,the biomass increased by 11.85%-13.21%,and the root activity increased by 57.88%-58.88%. In summary,the results of the study indicate that the application of biochar improves the continuous cropping barrier of Lanzhou lily,which further promotes yield and quality.