赖特小说《长梦》中“父亲之名”的嬗变

On the Transmutation of “the Name of the Father” in Wright's The Long Dream

拉康提出的"父亲之名"代表象征的菲勒斯,与家庭和社会的秩序和法规相联系。主体只有从抗拒到接受到最后认可"父亲之名",才能完成自己的主体建构。赖特对小说《长梦》中黑人父子关系的描述暗示被阉割的黑人父亲不具有菲勒斯,自然也不能占据"父亲之名"的位置。白人通过暴力镇压和阉割威胁成为统治黑人母亲和孩子的"父亲之名"。白人女性更是替代黑人母亲成为黑人孩子的欲望他者,同时还成为白人男性肆意使用父名权威的工具。黑人青年只有摆脱这种白人父名的权力话语,才能找准自己的坐标,构建独立自主的主体身份。

Jaques Lacan’s "the Name of the Father", associated with family and social order and regulation, represents symbolic Phallus. Subjectivity construction is completed in the progress of resistance to acceptance and the final recognition of "the Name of the Father". In the description of the relationship between father and son in The Long Dream, Wright implied that castrated black fathers did not have Phallus, so they could not occupy the position of "the Name of the Father". White men became "the Name of the Father" of black mothers and kids through violence and threat. White women replaced black mothers to become black kids’ desired Other, and white men only used white women as the tool to exploit the authority of "the Name of the Father". Therefore, black youth could resume their independent identification and subjectivity construction only by getting rid of "the Name of the Father".