开放教育先前学习认定机制的构建与实践

The Construction and practices of Prior Learning Recognition Mechanism in Open Education

先前学习认定是对学习者已有的各种学习经历及其成果进行认定并赋予学分的教育评价方式,在国外广泛应用于各类教育(特别是开放教育和职业教育)实践中。在我国,先前学习认定还处于理论构建阶段,实践探索不多且本土化经验欠缺。本文首先对先前学习认定相关概念进行辨析,指出先前学习认定机制的内涵,然后以国内外相关理论研究和实践探索为基础,构建一套本土化先前学习认定机制——包括基本原则、认定范围和评价标准、基本流程、评价方法、评价结果及其转化五大相辅相成、循序渐进的关键环节,最后将此先前学习认定机制在北京开放大学社会工作和法学两个专业展开试验。同时,本文也谨慎指出该机制在何种程度上让学历教育与非学历教育得以衔接。

Prior learning recognition is an evaluation method that recognizes and assigns credits to learners’ existing learning experiences and achievements. Abroad,it is widely used in various kinds of education practices(especially in open education and professional education). In China, prior learning recognition is still in the stage of theoretical construction, with few practical explorations and insufficient localized experiences. The author first distinguishes the concepts of Prior Learning Recognition, points out the connotation, and then constructs the localized mechanism based on domestic and foreign relevant theories and practices, which includes basic principles, scope and evaluation standard, basic process, evaluation methods and the evaluation results and the transformation. At the same time, this paper also carefully points out the extension of this mechanism in enabling education for academic degree to be connected with education for non-academic degree.