西安市城区托幼机构孤独症谱系障碍儿童智力结构分析

Intelligence structure of children with autism spectrum disorder in urban preschools in Xi’an

目的分析在西安市城区托幼机构就读的轻中度孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童智力水平和结构特点。方法 2017年12月至2018年1月在西安市6城区随机抽取的12所幼儿园共5 178名儿童中进行调查。以西安市城区托幼机构中21名ASD儿童为孤独症组,按照同性别、同年龄1∶1配对,在同班级健康儿童中选择21名儿童为健康对照组,在西安市儿童医院康复训练中心选择21名智力障碍儿童为智力障碍对照组。对三组儿童均用Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版评估智力水平,比较孤独症组与两对照组的智力差异。结果除手眼协调领域外,孤独症组儿童在运动、个人-社会、语言、表现及实际推理5个领域得分均低于健康对照组儿童,高于智力障碍对照组儿童,差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为24.95、24.25、27.83、17.51、14.67,均P<0.01)。结论托幼机构轻中度ASD儿童智力水平的多个领域较正常儿童落后,但较智力障碍儿童有优势,为其制订合适水平的个体化教育目标,需要以智力测试的评估结果为基础。

Objective To analyze the intelligence level and structure of children with mild or moderate autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in urban preschools in Xi'an .Methods From December 2017 to January 2018,a total of 5 178 children from 12 kindergartens randomly selected in 6 districts of Xi'an were surveyed.A total of 21 children diagnosed ASD selected from urban kindergartens in Xi’an served as case group.Another group of 21 children matched with age and gender in same class served as healthy control group.Twenty-one children with intellectual disability were selected as intellectual disability control group from the rehabilitation training center of Xi'an Children’s Hospital.All children were assessed using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Chinese (GDS-C).The difference in intelligence was explored among three groups.Results The results showed that the ASD children had lower mental development scores in motor,person-society,language,performance and practical reasoning subscales than healthy controls,but higher than children with intellectual disability.The differences were statistically significant ( F value was 24.95,24.25,27.83,17.51 and 14.67,respectively,all P <0.05).Conclusion Children with mild or moderate ASD in urban preschools fall behind in many areas of intelligence level,but have advantages over children with intellectual disability in many aspects.The individual education plan for ASD children should be made based on their intelligence testing.