日本应对低生育政策再探讨

The Re-examination of Japan's Policy Dealing with the Low Birthrate Issue

日本是少子老龄化问题严峻的国家,面对生育率下降带来的人口结构变化,日本政府制定各种政策措施鼓励年轻人结婚与生育,以此努力提高生育率。尽管日本社会低生育趋势没有停止,但是总和生育率从2005年的1.26提高到2017年的1.43,其应对措施可谓起到了缓解生育率下降的作用。重新考察日本为缓解生育率下降而实施的政策及存在的问题,对我国应对少子老龄化具有一定的启示意义。

China launched a nationwide"two-child policy" in 2016,aiming to alleviate problems resulted from declining newborn population and changing population structure.However,after two years,the newborn population continues to decrease,raising doubts about the effectiveness of the"two-child policy".Japan is faced with severe problems of aging population with fewer children.In the context of changing population structure of low birthrate,Japanese government has taken various measures to encourage young people to marry and have children,so as to improve the birthrate.Although the trend of low birthrate in Japan has not been well curbed,the total birthrate increased from 1.26 in 2005 to 1.43 in 2017,proving that the measures taken have played a role in alleviating the decline of birthrate.The re-examination of Japan’s policies and challenges in attempting to alleviate the decline of birthrate will provide some inspiration for China in dealing with problems of the aging population with few children.