大豆主要荚粒性状与百粒质量的多元分析与评价

Multivariate Analysis and Evaluation between Main Pod Traits and 100-seed Quality in Soybean

为了解大豆种质资源中荚粒性状与产量性状(百粒质量)间的关系,以102个大豆种质资源为试验材料,通过对8个主要农艺性状的遗传变异分析、相关性分析和主成分分析,为大豆种质资源的评价和新品种培育提供参考。结果表明,102个大豆材料中除了荚长、荚宽和粒长这3个性状的变异系数比较小外,其他性状的比较大,且性状间表现出较大差异,表明试验中种质资源间有很大差异。相关分析结果表明,百粒质量性状与这7个大豆荚粒性状均存在极显著的正相关性,这7个性状对百粒质量的总效应排序为:粒宽>荚宽>荚质量>荚长>粒长>粒厚>荚厚。根据综合得分进行聚类分析发现,第Ⅳ类的综合主成分得分最高,与其他种质的亲缘关系较远,因此,若用第Ⅳ类大豆资源与前三类群大豆进行杂交有可能产生较大的杂交优势。

To understand the relationship between pod-seed traits and yield traits(100-grain quality)in soybean germplasm resources, 102 soybean germplasm resources were used as experimental materials. The genetic variation, correlation analysis and principal component analysis of eight main agronomic traits were carried out to provide reference for the evaluation of soybean germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties. The results showed that among the 102 soybean materials, except that the pod length, pod width and grain length had small variation coefficient, other traits' coefficient of variation was larger, and there were significant differences among the traits. The results of correlation analysis showed that the 100-grain quality was significantly positively correlated with pod length, pod width, pod thickness, pod quality, grain length, grain width and grain thickness, and the order of comprehensive effect on 100-grain quality was grain width>pod width>pod quality>pod length>grain length>grain thickness>pod thickness. According to the results of the cluster analysis, it was found that the comprehensive principal component score of the fourth class was the highest, it meaned the genetic relationship with the other germplasm was far away. Therefore, if the class IV soybean resources are crossed with the first three groups of soybeans, it is likely to produce a larger hybrid advantage.