从人的背后思考人的自由——《背影》的另一种思想启蒙分析

Considering Human Freedom from Rear-View of Human——Another Thought of Enlightenment of Rear-View of a Fading Figure

《背影》一直被认为是歌颂父爱的代表之作。就《背影》表层思想含义看,朱自清用朴实平易的语言描述父子车站送别,通过买橘子这种小事表现了父爱的伟大。而从深层思想含义看,《背影》其实隐藏着朱自清由弑父到审父再到重新审视父亲并进而重塑父亲形象的这一思想转变过程。这种思想转变过程,代表了新文化运动之后相当一部分知识分子的反思:彻底地弑父,也许就是借人道制造新的不人道,父亲的形象需要重新思考。就此而言,《背影》具有了另一种启蒙思想。

Rear-View of a Fading Figure has bee n regarde d as the representative of those works which praise fathers’ love. In terms of its surface meaning, the main content is Zhu Ziqing shows the great love of his father by simple and plain language and small events such as buying oranges. But its deep meaning is a changing process of reshaping image of his father, from blaming his father first, to ex-amining his father, to re-examine his father and finally to praise the father. This changing process is the reflection of a considerable part of intellectuals after the New Culture Movement that a thorough thought of blaming fathers is perhaps a new inhumanity caused by false humanity. The figure of the father needs to be rethought. In this regard, Rear-View of a Fading Figure has another meaning of enlightenment.