5所综合医院超声工作者职业性肌肉骨骼疾患调查及危险因素分析

Investigation and risk factors analysis of occupational musculoskeletal diseases among ultrasound workers in five general hospitals

目的调查医院超声工作者的职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(OMDs)患病现状,分析其相关危险因素。方法选取5所综合医院的208名超声工作者为调查对象,发放OMDs调查问卷,了解OMDs发生情况、工作环境、工作负荷、心理状态等。通过logistic回归分析OMDs的影响因素。结果超声工作者OMDs曾患病率为98.6%,年患病率为96.15%,周患病率为92.8%。患病部位依次为颈部、肩部、腰部、腕/手部、上背部、肘部、胯/臀部、膝部,踝/足部。超声工作者男性与女性的年患病率、患病部位分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄、不同工龄超声工作者患病部位分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经常不良姿势、日均扫描患者数>50是OMDs的危险因素,工作满意度、检查室内座椅高度可调节、有休息时间、显示屏位于正前方、显示屏高度与视线齐平是OMDs的保护因素。结论超声工作者的OMDs患病率较高,且以腰部和肩部受累最为明显。工作姿势、工作环境、工作负荷等均是OMDs的主要影响因素。

Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational musculoskeletal disorders(OMDs among ultrasound workers in hospitals and analyze its related risk factors.Methods 208 ultrasound workers from 5 general hospitals were selected as the subjects and OMDs questionnaires were administered to understand the occurrence of OMDs,working environment,workload and psychological state.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of OMDs.Results The former prevalence of OMDs was98.6%,the annual prevalence was 96.15%,and the weekly prevalence was 92.8%.The affected areas were neck,shoulder,waist,wrist/hand,upper back,elbow,hip/hip,knee,ankle/foot.There was no statistically significant difference in the annual prevalence and disease sides between male and female ultrasound workers(P>0.05).Ultrasound workers of different ages and working ages had no statistically significant difference in disease sites(P>0.05).Frequent poor posture,more than 50 patients scanned per day were risk factors for OMDs.Job satisfaction,adjustable seat height,rest time,screen located in front,screen height and line of sight were protective factors for OMDs.Conclusions The prevalence of OMDs is higher in ultrasound workers,especially in the waist and shoulders.Working posture,working environment and workload are the main influencing factors of OMDs.