心理主义对逻辑学发展的影响——兼论认知科学的起源

The Impact of Psychologism on Logics——on the origin of cognitive science

在逻辑学的发展历史上,心理主义曾经在很长一段时间里占据主导地位,直到弗雷格的《算术基础》和胡塞尔的《逻辑研究》的发表,标志着反心理主义获得胜利。不论是强心理主义还是反心理主义的观点都过于极端,逻辑学用数学语言表达和探索句子的构成,并且阐明句子之间的关系和命题之间的蕴含关系,而心理学则侧重于精神活动的事实和事件。心理学的事实有助于逻辑学命题的理解,但是心理学不来源于逻辑学。心理学和逻辑学是相互约束的,并且逻辑学和认知科学也是相互约束的。认知科学作为认知心理学和认知逻辑的一个交叉学科是否可以看作是心理主义和反心理主义的一个和解?

For a long period,psychologism has been in a dominant position in the development of logistics,until the publication of Frege’s Arithmetic Foundation and Husserl’s Investigations of Understanding marked the victory of anti-psychologism. Both pro-psychologism and anti-psychologism are too extreme. Logics expresses and explores the structure of sentences with mathematical language,and also elucidates the implied relations between sentences and propositions,while psychology focuses more on the facts and events of spiritual activities. Psychological facts are beneficial for the understanding of logical propositions. However,psychology does not originate from logistics,and they are intertwined. Logics and cognitive sciences are also intertwined. As an interdiscipline of cognitive psychology and cognitive logistics,does cognitive science can be regarded as a reconciliation of psychologism and anti-psychologism?