中国特有裸子植物巴山榧树的保护生物学研究进展

Research Progress of Conservation Biology on Torreyafargesii,a Rare and Endangered Plant Endemic to China

【目的】对中国特有裸子植物巴山榧树(Torreyafargesii)生物学特性、群落特征、濒危机制、资源保护的研究进展进行综述,为巴山榧树资源保护和合理利用提供参考。【方法】在查阅相关研究文献的基础上,分析巴山榧树的濒危机制,总结巴山榧树的保护措施,并提出今后的研究方向。【结果】1)巴山榧树濒危的原因主要有:历史气候变化导致巴山榧树数量大规模减少;巴山榧树遗传多样性低,种群间遗传分化程度低;巴山榧树生殖障碍大,种子萌发率低;巴山榧树群落内物种生态位重叠程度高,种群间竞争激烈;人类活动导致了巴山榧树生境的破碎。2)巴山榧树资源保护策略目前主要有迁地保护、就地保护等,但同时还应全面系统地开展科学研究,建立完善珍稀濒危植物保护法律法规,加强宣传教育。【结论】应深入研究巴山榧树濒危机制,开展巴山榧树繁殖技术和系统地理格局的研究。

[Purposes]The biological characteristics,comm unity characters,enda ngered mechanism and resources con servati on of Torreya fargesii丄an endemic gymnosperm in China,were reviewed to provide a basis for other studies in this area,[Methods]On the basis of consulting relevant research studies the endangered mechanism of T.fargesii were analyzed,the protection measures were summarized,and lhe future research directions were proposed.[Findings]1)The main reasons for the endangerment of T.fargesii are as follows:firstly,changes in historical climate led to a large-scale reduction in the number of T.fargesii.Secondlly,low genetic diversity and low degree of genetic differentiation among populations of T.fargesii further aggravated the endangered degree of T.fargesii.Thirdly.T.fargesii has high reproductive barrier and low seed germination rate.Fourthly,niche overlap in T.fargesii community is high and competition among populations is intense.Lastly,human activities have exacerbated habitat fragmentation of T.fargesii.2)At present,the conservation strategy of T.fargesii mainly includes ex-situ conservation and local protection.At the same time,scientific research should be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic way,the laws and regulations on the protection of rare and endangered plants should be established,and propaganda and education should be strengthened.[Conclusions]1)A comprehensive scientific study should be conducted to further summarize the endangered mechanism of T.fargesii.2)Breeding technology research should be carried out to artificially propagate the T.fargesii.3)Study on the systematic geographical pattern of T.fargesii resources should be carried out as well.