日本大米流通、价格机制概述

A Summarize of the Rice Circulation System and Pricing Mechanism in Japan

简述了日本大米流通现状和历史沿革,以及价格形成方法。随着时代的变化和现实需要,日本对大米流通进行了逐步探索和不断完善。分析了不同历史时期下日本政府出台颁布的《粮食管理法》和《旧粮食法》及《修订粮食法》等法律法规对于日本大米流通制度的影响。从食管法到粮食法的修订,最终日本大米流通走向全面市场化和自由化。通过流通方式的变化也探讨了粮食法修订前后的价格形成机制,分析表明食管法制度时期是由政府进行完全管理,流通的大米全部由政府买进,再由政府卖出,大米的价格完全由政府决定,平成16年(2004年)粮食法修订后,大米流通市场全面自由化,由于大米销路多样化,也使得大米价格形成方式多样化。通过回顾历史发展和现状分析对日本大米流通的发展趋势进行趋向预测。

This paper introduced the basic situation of rice circulation and price formation in Japan. The thesis briefly describes the current situation and historical evolution of rice circulation in Japan,the methods of price formation and the development trend of rice circulation in the future. With the changes of the times and the needs of reality,Japan has gradually explored and continuously improved the process of rice circulation. This paper analyses the influence of laws and regulations in different historical periods which are promulgated by the Japanese government,including the Food Management Law,the Old Food Law and the Revised Food Law. The reformulation from the Food Management Law to the Food Law led to the marketization and liberalization of Japanese rice circulation eventually. Pricing mechanism before and after the Revised Food Law is also discussed according to the change of circulation mode. The analysis shows that the period of the Food Management Law is completely managed by the government. The circulating rice is purchased and sold by the government,the price of rice is completely determined by the government. After the revise of the Food Law in 2004,the rice circulation market got general liberalization. Because of the diversification of rice market,the formation of rice price has also become diversified. The paper will forecast the development trend and expectation of Japanese rice circulation by reviewing the historical development and current situation analysis.